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Compare Madagascar (2005) - Cape Verde (2005)

Compare Madagascar (2005) z Cape Verde (2005)

 Madagascar (2005)Cape Verde (2005)
 MadagascarCape Verde
Administrative divisions 6 provinces (faritany); Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara 17 municipalities (concelhos, singular - concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Maio, Mosteiros, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz, Sao Domingos, Sao Filipe, Sao Miguel, Sao Nicolau, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal
Age structure 0-14 years: 44.8% (male 4,051,832/female 4,038,837)


15-64 years: 52.1% (male 4,657,346/female 4,745,971)


65 years and over: 3% (male 247,146/female 299,209) (2005 est.)
0-14 years: 39% (male 82,249/female 80,752)


15-64 years: 54.3% (male 110,119/female 116,816)


65 years and over: 6.8% (male 10,599/female 17,689) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, vanilla, sugarcane, cloves, cocoa, rice, cassava (tapioca), beans, bananas, peanuts; livestock products bananas, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, coffee, peanuts; fish
Airports 116 (2004 est.) 7


note: 3 airports are reported to be nonoperational (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 29


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 20


under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
total: 6


over 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 87


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 42


under 914 m: 43 (2004 est.)
total: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area total: 587,040 sq km


land: 581,540 sq km


water: 5,500 sq km
total: 4,033 sq km


land: 4,033 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of Arizona slightly larger than Rhode Island
Background Formerly an independent kingdom, Madagascar became a French colony in 1896, but regained its independence in 1960. During 1992-93, free presidential and National Assembly elections were held, ending 17 years of single-party rule. In 1997, in the second presidential race, Didier RATSIRAKA, the leader during the 1970s and 1980s, was returned to the presidency. The 2001 presidential election was contested between the followers of Didier RATSIRAKA and Marc RAVALOMANANA, nearly causing secession of half of the country. In April 2002, the High Constitutional Court announced RAVALOMANANA the winner. The uninhabited islands were discovered and colonized by the Portuguese in the 15th century; Cape Verde subsequently became a trading center for African slaves and later an important coaling and resupply stop for whaling and transatlantic shipping. Following independence in 1975, and a tentative interest in unification with Guinea-Bissau, a one-party system was established and maintained until multi-party elections were held in 1990. Cape Verde continues to exhibit one of Africa's most stable democratic governments. Repeated droughts during the second half of the 20th century caused significant hardship and prompted heavy emigration. As a result, Cape Verde's expatriate population is greater than its domestic one. Most Cape Verdeans have both African and Portuguese antecedents.
Birth rate 41.66 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) 25.33 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget revenues: $783.7 million


expenditures: $1.079 billion, including capital expenditures of $331 million (2004 est.)
revenues: $260.6 million


expenditures: $305.3 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Capital Antananarivo Praia
Climate tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic
Coastline 4,828 km 965 km
Constitution 19 August 1992 by national referendum new constitution came into force 25 September 1992; underwent a major revision on 23 November 1995, substantially increasing the powers of the president, and a further revision in 1999, to create the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de Justica)
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Madagascar


conventional short form: Madagascar


local long form: Republique de Madagascar


local short form: Madagascar


former: Malagasy Republic
conventional long form: Republic of Cape Verde


conventional short form: Cape Verde


local long form: Republica de Cabo Verde


local short form: Cabo Verde
Death rate 11.35 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) 6.62 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external $4.6 billion (2002) $325 million (2002)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Wanda L. NESBITT


embassy: 14-16 Rue Rainitovo, Antsahavola, Antananarivo 101


mailing address: B. P. 620, Antsahavola, Antananarivo


telephone: [261] (20) 22-212-57, 22-212-73, 22-209-56


FAX: [261] (20) 22-345-39
chief of mission: Ambassador Donald C. JOHNSON


embassy: Rua Abilio m. Macedo 81, Praia


mailing address: C. P. 201, Praia


telephone: [238] 261 56 16, 261 56 17


FAX: [238] 261 13 55
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Rajaonarivony NARISOA


chancery: 2374 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 265-5525, 5526


FAX: [1] (202) 483-7603


consulate(s) general: New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Jose BRITO


chancery: 3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007


telephone: [1] (202) 965-6820


FAX: [1] (202) 965-1207


consulate(s) general: Boston
Disputes - international claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, and Juan de Nova Island (all administered by France) none
Economic aid - recipient $354 million (2001) $136 million (1999)
Economy - overview Having discarded past socialist economic policies, Madagascar has since the mid 1990s followed a World Bank and IMF led policy of privatization and liberalization. This strategy has placed the country on a slow and steady growth path from an extremely low level. Agriculture, including fishing and forestry, is a mainstay of the economy, accounting for more than one-fourth of GDP and employing 80% of the population. Exports of apparel have boomed in recent years primarily due to duty-free access to the United States. Deforestation and erosion, aggravated by the use of firewood as the primary source of fuel are serious concerns. President RAVALOMANANA has worked aggressively to revive the economy following the 2002 political crisis, which triggered a 12% drop in GDP that year. Poverty reduction and combating corruption will be the centerpieces of economic policy for the next few years. This island economy suffers from a poor natural resource base, including serious water shortages exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought. The economy is service-oriented, with commerce, transport, tourism, and public services accounting for 72% of GDP. Although nearly 70% of the population lives in rural areas, the share of agriculture in GDP in 2004 was only 12%, of which fishing accounted for 1.5%. About 82% of food must be imported. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. Cape Verde annually runs a high trade deficit, financed by foreign aid and remittances from emigrants; remittances supplement GDP by more than 20%. Economic reforms are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy. Future prospects depend heavily on the maintenance of aid flows, the encouragement of tourism, remittances, and the momentum of the government's development program.
Electricity - consumption 781.4 million kWh (2002) 40.06 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2002) 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2002) 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production 840.2 million kWh (2002) 43.08 million kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Maromokotro 2,876 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mt. Fogo 2,829 m (a volcano on Fogo Island)
Environment - current issues soil erosion results from deforestation and overgrazing; desertification; surface water contaminated with raw sewage and other organic wastes; several species of flora and fauna unique to the island are endangered soil erosion; deforestation due to demand for wood used as fuel; desertification; environmental damage has threatened several species of birds and reptiles; illegal beach sand extraction; overfishing
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Malayo-Indonesian (Merina and related Betsileo), Cotiers (mixed African, Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry - Betsimisaraka, Tsimihety, Antaisaka, Sakalava), French, Indian, Creole, Comoran Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%
Exchange rates Malagasy francs per US dollar - 1,868.9 (2004), 1,238.3 (2003), 1,366.4 (2002), 1,317.7 (2001), 1,353.5 (2000) Cape Verdean escudos (CVE) per US dollar - 88.808 (2004), 97.703 (2003), 117.168 (2002), 123.228 (2001), 119.687 (2000)
Executive branch chief of state: President Marc RAVALOMANANA (since 6 May 2002)


head of government: Prime Minister Jacques SYLLA (27 May 2002)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 16 December 2001 (next to be held November 2006); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: percent of vote - Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 37.7%, Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 50.5%
chief of state: President Pedro PIRES (since 22 March 2001)


head of government: Prime Minister Jose Maria Pereira NEVES (since 1 February 2001)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 11 and 25 February 2001 (next to be held February 2006); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president


election results: Pedro PIRES elected president; percent of vote - Pedro PIRES (PAICV) 49.43%, Carlos VIEGA (MPD) 49.42%; note - the election was won by only twelve votes
Exports NA NA
Exports - commodities coffee, vanilla, shellfish, sugar; cotton cloth, chromite, petroleum products fuel, shoes, garments, fish, hides
Exports - partners US 35.8%, France 30.8%, Germany 7.7% (2004) Portugal 59.4%, US 17.2%, UK 11.4% (2004)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a vertical white band of the same width on hoist side three horizontal bands of light blue (top, double width), white (with a horizontal red stripe in the middle third), and light blue; a circle of 10 yellow five-pointed stars is centered on the hoist end of the red stripe and extends into the upper and lower blue bands
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 29.3%


industry: 16.7%


services: 54% (2004 est.)
agriculture: 12.1%


industry: 21.9%


services: 66% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $800 (2004 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,400 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5.5% (2004 est.) 5% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates 20 00 S, 47 00 E 16 00 N, 24 00 W
Geography - note world's fourth-largest island; strategic location along Mozambique Channel strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site
Highways total: 49,827 km


paved: 5,780 km


unpaved: 44,047 km (1999 est.)
total: 1,350 km


paved: 932 km


unpaved: 418 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 3%


highest 10%: 29% (1999)
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption; transshipment point for heroin used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving from Latin America and Asia destined for Western Europe; the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center
Imports NA NA
Imports - commodities capital goods, petroleum, consumer goods, food foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment, fuels
Imports - partners France 17.2%, China 9.7%, Hong Kong 6.6%, Iran 6.4%, Mauritius 6.2%, South Africa 5.6% (2004) Portugal 41.8%, US 12.3%, Netherlands 8.4%, Spain 5.2%, Italy 4.2%, Brazil 4% (2004)
Independence 26 June 1960 (from France) 5 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Industrial production growth rate 3% (2000 est.) NA
Industries meat processing, soap, breweries, tanneries, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly plant, paper, petroleum, tourism food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair
Infant mortality rate total: 76.83 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 85.05 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 68.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
total: 47.77 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 52.95 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 42.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 7.5% (2004 est.) 1.5% (2004 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Irrigated land 10,900 sq km (2000 est.) 30 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Constitutional Court or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia
Labor force 7.3 million (2000) NA
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 5.07%


permanent crops: 1.03%


other: 93.91% (2001)
arable land: 9.68%


permanent crops: 0.5%


other: 89.82% (2001)
Languages French (official), Malagasy (official) Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words)
Legal system based on French civil law system and traditional Malagasy law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction derived from the legal system of Portugal
Legislative branch bicameral legislature consists of a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (160 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and a Senate or Senat (100 seats; two-thirds of the seats filled by regional assemblies whose members will be elected by popular vote; the remaining one-third of the seats appointed by the president; all members will serve four-year terms)


elections: National Assembly - last held 15 December 2002 (next to be held NA 2006)


election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - TIM 103, FP 22, AREMA 3, LEADER/Fanilo 2, RPSD 5, others 3, independents 22
unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (72 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held December 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - PAICV 47.3%, MPD 39.8%, ADM 6%, other 6.9%; seats by party - PAICV 40, MPD 30, ADM 2
Life expectancy at birth total population: 56.95 years


male: 54.57 years


female: 59.4 years (2005 est.)
total population: 70.45 years


male: 67.13 years


female: 73.86 years (2005 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 68.9%


male: 75.5%


female: 62.5% (2003 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 76.6%


male: 85.8%


female: 69.2% (2003 est.)
Location Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique Western Africa, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal
Map references Africa Political Map of the World
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm or 100 nm from the 2,500-m deep isobath
measured from claimed archipelagic baselines


territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine total: 9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 14,865 GRT/17,936 DWT


by type: cargo 5, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 2


registered in other countries: 1 (2005)
total: 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 5,395 GRT/6,614 DWT


by type: cargo 2, chemical tanker 1, passenger/cargo 2


foreign-owned: 1 (United Kingdom 1) (2005)
Military branches People's Armed Forces: Intervention Force, Development Force, and Aeronaval (Navy and Air) Force; National Gendarmerie People's Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARP): Army, Coast Guard (includes maritime air wing)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $44.6 million (2004) $14.1 million (2004)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.2% (2004) 1.5% (2004)
National holiday Independence Day, 26 June (1960) Independence Day, 5 July (1975)
Nationality noun: Malagasy (singular and plural)


adjective: Malagasy
noun: Cape Verdean(s)


adjective: Cape Verdean
Natural hazards periodic cyclones, drought, and locust infestation prolonged droughts; seasonal harmattan wind produces obscuring dust; volcanically and seismically active
Natural resources graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, hydropower salt, basalt rock, limestone, kaolin, fish, clay, gypsum
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) -11.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders Association for the Rebirth of Madagascar or AREMA [Pierrot RAJAONARIVO]; Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action for National Recovery or LEADER/Fanilo [Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO]; Fihaonana Party or FP [Guy-Willy RAZANAMASY]; I Love Madagascar or TIM [Marc RAVALOMANANA]; Renewal of the Social Democratic Party or RPSD [Evariste MARSON] African Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV [Jose Maria Pereira NEVES, chairman]; Democratic Alliance for Change or ADM [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO] (a coalition of PCD, PTS, and UCID); Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES, chairman]; Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Jacinto SANTOS, president]; Movement for Democracy or MPD [Agostinho LOPES, president]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO, president]; Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Isaias RODRIGUES, president]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM, president]
Political pressure groups and leaders Committee for the Defense of Truth and Justice or KMMR; Committee for National Reconciliation or CRN [Albert Zafy]; National Council of Christian Churches or FFKM NA
Population 18,040,341 (July 2005 est.) 418,224 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line 50% (2004 est.) 30% (2000)
Population growth rate 3.03% (2005 est.) 0.67% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors Antsiranana, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara Mindelo, Praia, Tarrafal
Radio broadcast stations AM 2 (plus a number of repeater stations), FM 9, shortwave 6 (2001) AM 0, FM 22 (and 12 low power repeaters), shortwave 0 (2002)
Railways total: 732 km


narrow gauge: 732 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
-
Religions indigenous beliefs 52%, Christian 41%, Muslim 7% Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs); Protestant (mostly Church of the Nazarene)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.6 male(s)/female


total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: system is above average for the region


domestic: open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter links connect regions


international: country code - 261; submarine cable to Bahrain; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region)
general assessment: effective system, extensive modernization from 1996-2000 following partial privatization in 1995


domestic: major service provider is Cabo Verde Telecom (CVT); fiber optic ring, completed in 2001, links all islands providing Internet access and ISDN services; cellular service introduced in 1998


international: country code - 238; 2 coaxial submarine cables; HF radiotelephone to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 59,600 (2003) 71,700 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular 279,500 (2003) 53,300 (2003)
Television broadcast stations 1 (plus 36 repeaters) (2001) 1 (and 7 repeaters) (2002)
Terrain narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic
Total fertility rate 5.66 children born/woman (2005 est.) 3.48 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate - 21% (2000 est.)
Waterways 600 km (2004) -
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